A practical guide to Austrian bank warning and monitoring duties in APP fraud, causation, evidence requests and limitation periods.
A practical guide to German bank warning duties in APP fraud, the burden of proof, evidence requests and limitation periods.
EFRI Case Note · Court of Justice of the European Union (First Chamber), judgment of 15 October 2026, Case C-70/25, Tukowiecka (N.O. v PKO BP S.A.), ECLI:EU:C:2026:852 · Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Koszalinie (District Court, Koszalin, Poland) · Published 15 October 2026 On 15
Banks Benefit from Digitalisation. Consumers Should Not Be Left to Insure Its Risks. EFRI Briefing | Response to Simon Landuyt’s advisory opinion of 11 August 2026 to the Committee on Economy, Consumer Protection and Digitalisation of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives on bills DOC 56 1592/001, amendment DOC 56 1592/002
Københavns Andelskasse and Payvision: Victims Left to Chase Empty Shells Danish authorities have secured another conviction in the Københavns Andelskasse money-laundering scandal. But the case exposes a larger European failure. The victims are not only facing AML breaches. They are facing an enforcement model that confirms wrongdoing after the operating
On 25 June 2026, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales is scheduled to hear the appeal in the Hamblin & Anor v Moorwand Ltd & Anor [2025] EWHC 817 (Ch). The case deserves attention far beyond the United Kingdom. It raises a question that is central to modern
The new PSR compromise text preserves the immediate refund rule for unauthorised transactions on paper. But Article 56 may give banks a structured route to delay phishing refunds where they claim objectively justified suspicion of gross negligence. EFRI has long warned that Europe’s payment-fraud framework suffers from a structural protection
On 5 March 2026, Advocate General Athanasios Rantos delivered his Opinion in Case C-70/25, Tukowiecka, a case that could become highly important for victims of online banking fraud across the European Union. According to the Court of Justice press release, the Advocate General’s position is clear: a bank cannot refuse
As previously discussed, United Kingdom is undeniably the frontrunner in financial crime in Europe. Being one of the global headquarters for financial services comes with a high price for the British people. In 2023, according to the UK Finance Fraud Report 2024, Britons lost approximately £459.7 million to Authorised Push
