The European Union is expanding its regulatory arsenal against online fraud, tightening rules for payment providers through the new Payment Services Regulation (PSR) and Payment Services Directive (PSD3), and demanding greater accountability from online platforms under the Digital Services Act (DSA). Yet Europe is fighting this battle in the dark:
Phishing is not a “private misfortune.” It is a systemic failure of payment security, and German courts are—slowly—drawing the lines of responsibility. Below is a concise map of key judgments (2023–2025) you can cite when you push your bank for reimbursement under §§ 675u, 675v, 675w BGB (PSD2). At the
As digital payments surge across Britain, the UK has become Europe’s most advanced cashless society, processing more than 48 billion electronic payments in 2023 alone. But with this progress comes a sharp rise in “push payment” fraud (APP fraud), making robust consumer protection more vital than ever. The UK’s new
